Ingredient
Glycolic Acid
Notable concern Strong evidence
EU concentration-restricted exfoliant (max 10%, pH ≥3.5)
Listed in EU Cosmetic Regulation 1223/2009 Annex III with use restrictions: maximum 10% w/w, finished-product pH at or above 3.5, and a mandatory skin-irritation warning on the label. The restriction limits irritation and barrier disruption that can occur at higher acid concentrations or lower pH.
On the plus side
Alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) exfoliant — among the most extensively studied AHAs, well-evidenced for smoothing skin texture and improving the look of dullness and fine lines at typical cosmetic concentrations.
Sources
GlowOS describes what regulatory bodies and published research say about an ingredient — it does not tell you what to use or avoid, and none of this is medical advice. Concentration, formulation, and your own skin all matter. For skin conditions, see a dermatologist.
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